李海鑫个人博客

(2010-8-18)设置网卡的协商模式--命令工具ethtool

作者：三金更新时间： 8/18/2010 09:08:00 下午编辑文章没有评论 : 关键字： net-tool

ethtool：显示网络端口设置功能；Linux下用于查询及设置网卡参数的命令。

[root@localhost ~]# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Advertised auto-negotiation: No 注：自动协商关闭
Speed: 100Mb/s 注：速度 100Mb
Duplex: Full 注：全双工
Port: MII
PHYAD: 32
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: off
Supports Wake-on: pumbg
Wake-on: d
Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
Link detected: yes 注：eth0已经激活；
ethtool 设置网卡的协商模式；

在ethtool的-h帮助中我们查看到有这样的帮助信息；

ethtool -s DEVNAME \
[ speed 10|100|1000 ] \
[ duplex half|full ] \
[ port tp|aui|bnc|mii|fibre ] \
[ autoneg on|off ] \

实例一：把网卡eth0 速度改为10Mb/s，采用半双工；

 [root@cuc03 beinan]# ethtool -s eth1 speed 10 duplex half
 [root@cuc03 beinan]# ethtool eth1
Settings for eth1:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Advertised auto-negotiation: No
Speed: 10Mb/s 注：速度 10M/s
Duplex: Half  注：半双工
Port: MII
 PHYAD: 32
Transceiver: internal
 Auto-negotiation: off
Supports Wake-on: pumbg
Wake-on: d
Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
Link detected: no 注：eth1没有激活；

实例二：把网卡eth0 速度改为100Mb/s，采用全双工；

 [root@cuc03 beinan]# ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full 
 [root@cuc03 beinan]# ethtool eth1
 Settings for eth1:
 Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
 Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
 Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
 Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
 Advertised auto-negotiation: No
 Speed: 100Mb/s  注：速度 100M/s
 Duplex: Full 注：全双工
 Port: MII
 PHYAD: 32
 Transceiver: internal
 Auto-negotiation: off
 Supports Wake-on: pumbg
 Wake-on: d
 Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
 Link detected: no 注：eth1网卡没有激活；

(2010-8-18)查看，管理介质的网络接口的状态--命令工具mii-tool

作者：三金更新时间： 8/18/2010 09:03:00 下午编辑文章没有评论 : 关键字： net-tool

mii-tool介绍：linux配置网络设备协商方式的工具（这是Linux下专门设置网卡工作模式的命令）view, manipulate media-independent interface status （mii-tool 是查看，管理介质的网络接口的状态）

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有时网卡需要配置协商方式，比如10/100/1000M的网卡半双工、全双工、自动协商的配置。但大多数的网络设备是不用我们来修改协商，因为大多数网络设置接入的时候，都采用自动协商来解决相互通信的问题。不过自动协商也不是万能的，有时也会出现错误，比如丢包率比较高，这时就要我们来指定网卡的协商方式。

mii-tool 就是能指定网卡的协商方式。下面我们说一说mii-tool的用法

mii-tool 的用法

mii-tool 在更改网络设备通信协商方式的方法比较简单，用 -v 参数来查看网络接口的状态；看下面的例子；

mii-tool 更改网络接口协商的方法

 [root@localhost ~]# mii-tool --help
 usage: mii-tool [-VvRrwl] [-A media,... | -F media] [interface ...]
 -V, --version display version information
 -v, --verbose more verbose output 注：显示网络接口的信息；
 -R, --reset reset MII to poweron state 注：重设MII到开启状态；
 -r, --restart restart autonegotiation 注：重启自动协商模式；
 -w, --watch monitor for link status changes 注：查看网络接口连接的状态变化；
 -l, --log with -w, write events to syslog 注：写入事件到系统日志；
 -A, --advertise=media,... advertise only specified media 注：指令特定的网络接口；
 -F, --force=media force specified media technology 注：更改网络接口协商方式；
 media: 100baseT4, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD,
 (to advertise both HD and FD) 100baseTx, 10baseT

实例一：查看网络接口的协商状态

 [root@localhost ~]# mii-tool -v eth0
 eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
 product info: vendor 00:00:00, model 0 rev 0
 basic mode:   autonegotiation enabled
 basic status: autonegotiation complete, link ok
 capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
 advertising:  100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
 link partner: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control

注：上面的例子，我们可以看得到是自动协商。注意红字的部份；

实例二：更改网络接口协商方式；

更改网络接口的协商方式，我们要用到－F选项，后面可以接 100baseT4, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD等参数；

如果我们想把网络接口eth0改为 1000Mb/s全双工的模式应该怎么办呢？

 [root@localhost ~]# mii-tool -F  100baseTx-FD
 [root@localhost ~]#mii-tool -v eth0
 eth0: 100 Mbit, full duplex, link ok
 product info: vendor 00:00:00, model 0 rev 0
 basic mode:   100 Mbit, full duplex
 basic status: link ok
 capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD
 advertising:  100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD

注：是不是已经改过来了？当然，我们也一样用ethtool 工具来更改，比如执行下面的命令；

 [root@localhost ~]# ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 duplex fu

(2010-8-11)网络检测工具(Iperf)

作者：三金更新时间： 8/11/2010 01:41:00 下午编辑文章没有评论 : 关键字： iperf , net-tool

概述

Iperf是一个网络性能测试工具。可以测试TCP和UDP带宽质量，可以测量最大TCP带宽，具有多种参数和UDP特性，可以报告带宽，延迟抖动和数据包丢失。Iperf在linux和windows平台均有二进制版本供自由使用。

Iperf was developed by NLANRDAST as a modern alternative for measuring maximum TCP and UDP bandwidth performance. Iperf allows the tuning of various parameters and UDP characteristics. Iperf reports bandwidth, delay jitter, datagram loss.

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软件下载

yum 安装：

rpm -Uhv http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/i386/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
rpm --import http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
yum -y install iperf

源码安装：

tar xvf iperf-xxx.tar  #官方站：http://sourceforge.net/projects/iperf/
cd  iperf
./configure
make
make install

windows版本

下载：http://www.noc.ucf.edu/Tools/Iperf/

Iperf使用方法与参数说明

参数说明 -s 以server模式启动，eg：iperf –s 。Server端为数据的接收端。

-c host以client模式启动，host是server端地址，eg：iperf -c 222.35.11.23 。Client端为数据的发出端。

通用参数 -f [kmKM] 分别表示以Kbits, Mbits, KBytes, MBytes显示报告，默认以Mbits为单位,eg：iperf -c 222.35.11.23 -f K

-i sec 以秒为单位显示报告间隔，eg：iperf -c 222.35.11.23 -i 2

-l 缓冲区大小，默认是8KB,eg：iperf -c 222.35.11.23 -l 16

-m 显示tcp最大mtu值

-o 将报告和错误信息输出到文件eg：iperf -c 222.35.11.23 -o ciperflog.txt

-p 指定服务器端使用的端口或客户端所连接的端口eg：iperf -s -p 9999;iperf -c 222.35.11.23 -p 9999

-P 连接限制参数例如-P 2 当两个连接建立后，服务器进程就会退出。如果这个参数设定为0，那么iperf 进程将持续监听端口，并且不限制连接数量

-u 使用udp协议

-w 指定TCP窗口大小，默认是8KB

-B 绑定一个主机地址或接口（当主机有多个地址或接口时使用该参数）

-C 兼容旧版本（当server端和client端版本不一样时使用）

-M 设定TCP数据包的最大mtu值

-N 设定TCP不延时

-V 传输ipv6数据包

server专用参数 -D 以服务方式运行ipserf，eg：iperf -s -D

-R 停止iperf服务，针对-D，eg：iperf -s -R

client端专用参数 -d 同时进行双向传输测试

-n 指定传输的字节数，eg：iperf -c 222.35.11.23 -n 100000

-r 单独进行双向传输测试

-t 测试时间，默认10秒,eg：iperf -c 222.35.11.23 -t 5

-F 指定需要传输的文件

-T 指定ttl值

应用实例

实例一

使用 iperf -s 命令将 Iperf 启动为 server 模式，在客户机上使用 iperf -c启动client模式。

服务器端：

[root@18 ~]# iperf -s
- -----------------------------------------------------------
Server listening on TCP port 5001
TCP window size: 85.3 KByte (default)
- -----------------------------------------------------------

客户端：

[root@vps2 ~]# iperf -c 218.64.131.18
- -----------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 218.64.131.18, TCP port 5001
TCP window size: 16.0 KByte (default)
- -----------------------------------------------------------
[  3] local 74.62.154.33 port 49896 connected with 218.64.131.18 port 5001
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  3]  0.0-10.1 sec  9.57 MBytes  7.92 Mbits/sec
[root@vps2 ~]#

上面可以测试到最大速度为7.92Mbits/sec 上面使用服务端和客户端的默认设置进行测试

实例二

服务器端设置

[root@18 ~]# iperf -s -w 300K
- -----------------------------------------------------------
Server listening on TCP port 5001
TCP window size:   216 KByte (WARNING: requested   300 KByte)
- -----------------------------------------------------------

客户端设置

[root@vps2 ~]# iperf -c 218.64.131.18 -f K -i 2 -w 300K  #设定报告间隔为2秒，服务器端和客户端的TCP窗口都开到300KB 
------------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 218.64.131.18, TCP port 5001
TCP window size:   256 KByte (WARNING: requested   300 KByte)
------------------------------------------------------------
 [  3] local 74.62.154.33 port 57566 connected with 218.64.131.18 port 5001
 [ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
 [  3]  0.0- 2.0 sec    624 KBytes    312 KBytes/sec
 [  3]  2.0- 4.0 sec  1184 KBytes    592 KBytes/sec
 [  3]  4.0- 6.0 sec  1208 KBytes    604 KBytes/sec
 [  3]  6.0- 8.0 sec  1304 KBytes    652 KBytes/sec
 [  3]  8.0-10.0 sec  1344 KBytes    672 KBytes/sec
 [  3]  0.0-10.1 sec  5672 KBytes    562 KBytes/sec
 [root@vps2 ~]#


[root@vps2 ~]# iperf -c 218.64.131.18 -f K -i 2 -w 300K -n 1000000   #测试传输约1MB数据 
- -----------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 218.64.131.18, TCP port 5001
TCP window size:   256 KByte (WARNING: requested   300 KByte)
- -----------------------------------------------------------
[  3] local 74.62.154.33 port 58469 connected with 218.64.131.18 port 5001
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  3]  0.0- 2.0 sec    824 KBytes    412 KBytes/sec
[  3]  0.0- 2.2 sec    984 KBytes    449 KBytes/sec
[root@vps2 ~]#


 [root@vps2 ~]# iperf -c 218.64.131.18 -f K -i 2 -w 300K -t 36   #测试持续36秒
- -----------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 218.64.131.18, TCP port 5001
TCP window size:   256 KByte (WARNING: requested   300 KByte)
- -----------------------------------------------------------
[  3] local 74.62.154.33 port 58836 connected with 218.64.131.18 port 5001
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  3]  0.0- 2.0 sec    744 KBytes    372 KBytes/sec
[  3]  2.0- 4.0 sec  1280 KBytes    640 KBytes/sec
[  3]  4.0- 6.0 sec  1304 KBytes    652 KBytes/sec
[  3]  6.0- 8.0 sec  1312 KBytes    656 KBytes/sec
[  3]  8.0-10.0 sec  1296 KBytes    648 KBytes/sec
[  3] 10.0-12.0 sec  1296 KBytes    648 KBytes/sec
[  3] 12.0-14.0 sec  1288 KBytes    644 KBytes/sec
[  3] 14.0-16.0 sec  1168 KBytes    584 KBytes/sec
[  3] 16.0-18.0 sec  1304 KBytes    652 KBytes/sec
[  3] 18.0-20.0 sec  1248 KBytes    624 KBytes/sec
[  3] 20.0-22.0 sec    392 KBytes    196 KBytes/sec
[  3] 22.0-24.0 sec    712 KBytes    356 KBytes/sec
[  3] 24.0-26.0 sec    808 KBytes    404 KBytes/sec
[  3] 26.0-28.0 sec    888 KBytes    444 KBytes/sec
[  3] 28.0-30.0 sec    888 KBytes    444 KBytes/sec
[  3] 30.0-32.0 sec    896 KBytes    448 KBytes/sec
[  3] 32.0-34.0 sec    992 KBytes    496 KBytes/sec
[  3] 34.0-36.0 sec    960 KBytes    480 KBytes/sec
[  3]  0.0-36.2 sec  18784 KBytes    520 KBytes/sec
[root@vps2 ~]#   

[root@vps2 ~]# iperf -c 218.64.131.18 -f K -i 5 -w 300K -n 10400000 -d -t 60     #测试双向的传输 
- -----------------------------------------------------------
Server listening on TCP port 5001
TCP window size:   256 KByte (WARNING: requested   300 KByte)
- -----------------------------------------------------------
- -----------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 218.64.131.18, TCP port 5001
TCP window size:   256 KByte (WARNING: requested   300 KByte)
- -----------------------------------------------------------
[  5] local 74.62.154.33 port 36184 connected with 218.64.131.18 port 5001
[  4] local 74.62.154.33 port 5001 connected with 218.64.131.18 port 55946
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  5]  0.0- 5.0 sec  2720 KBytes    544 KBytes/sec
[  5]  5.0-10.0 sec  3336 KBytes    667 KBytes/sec
[  5] 10.0-15.0 sec  3256 KBytes    651 KBytes/sec
[  5] 15.0-20.0 sec  3232 KBytes    646 KBytes/sec
[  5] 20.0-25.0 sec  3032 KBytes    606 KBytes/sec
[  5] 25.0-30.0 sec  1304 KBytes    261 KBytes/sec
[  5] 30.0-35.0 sec  1536 KBytes    307 KBytes/sec
[  5] 35.0-40.0 sec  1464 KBytes    293 KBytes/sec
[  5] 40.0-45.0 sec  1704 KBytes    341 KBytes/sec
[  5] 45.0-50.0 sec  1992 KBytes    398 KBytes/sec
[  5] 50.0-55.0 sec  3408 KBytes    682 KBytes/sec
[  5] 55.0-60.0 sec  3416 KBytes    683 KBytes/sec
[  5]  0.0-60.2 sec  30408 KBytes    505 KBytes/sec
[  4]  0.0- 5.0 sec  0.00 KBytes  0.00 KBytes/sec
[  4]  5.0-10.0 sec  0.00 KBytes  0.00 KBytes/sec
[  4] 10.0-15.0 sec  0.00 KBytes  0.00 KBytes/sec
[  4] 15.0-20.0 sec  0.00 KBytes  0.00 KBytes/sec
[  4] 20.0-25.0 sec  0.00 KBytes  0.00 KBytes/sec
[  4] 25.0-30.0 sec  0.00 KBytes  0.00 KBytes/sec
[  4] 30.0-35.0 sec  0.00 KBytes  0.00 KBytes/sec
[  4] 35.0-40.0 sec  0.00 KBytes  0.00 KBytes/sec
[  4] 40.0-45.0 sec  0.00 KBytes  0.00 KBytes/sec
[  4] 45.0-50.0 sec  0.00 KBytes  0.00 KBytes/sec
[  4] 50.0-55.0 sec  0.00 KBytes  0.00 KBytes/sec
[  4]  0.0-60.0 sec  34952 KBytes    583 KBytes/sec
[root@vps2 ~]#


[root@vps2 ~]# iperf -c 218.64.131.18 -f K -i 2 -w 300K -u -t 10    #UDP测试
- -----------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 218.64.131.18, UDP port 5001
Sending 1470 byte datagrams
UDP buffer size:   256 KByte (WARNING: requested   300 KByte)
- -----------------------------------------------------------
[  3] local 74.62.154.33 port 48551 connected with 218.64.131.18 port 5001
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  3]  0.0- 2.0 sec  29360375 KBytes  14680187 KBytes/sec
[  3]  2.0- 4.0 sec  8388861 KBytes  4194430 KBytes/sec
[  3]  4.0- 6.0 sec  8388861 KBytes  4194430 KBytes/sec
[  3]  6.0- 8.0 sec  8388862 KBytes  4194431 KBytes/sec
[  3]  8.0-10.0 sec  8388861 KBytes  4194430 KBytes/sec
[  3]  0.0-10.0 sec  62915820 KBytes  6281749 KBytes/sec
[  3] Sent 893 datagrams
read failed: Connection refused
[  3] WARNING: did not receive ack of last datagram after 2 tries.
[root@vps2 ~]#

实例三：windows 测试实例

服务器端设置：

C:\>iperf.exe -s
- -----------------------------------------------------------
Server listening on TCP port 5001
TCP window size: 8.00 KByte (default)
- -----------------------------------------------------------
[1864] local 218.64.131.18 port 5001 connected with 59.42.207.131 port 18875
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[1864]  0.0-15.4 sec   800 KBytes   426 Kbits/sec

客户端连接

C:\>iperf.exe -c 218.64.131.18 -i 5 -t 15
- -----------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 218.64.131.18, TCP port 5001
TCP window size: 8.00 KByte (default)
- -----------------------------------------------------------
[1912] local 192.168.3.12 port 1901 connected with 218.64.131.18 port 5001
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[1912]  0.0- 5.0 sec   264 KBytes   433 Kbits/sec
[1912]  5.0-10.0 sec   264 KBytes   433 Kbits/sec
[1912] 10.0-15.0 sec   264 KBytes   433 Kbits/sec
[1912]  0.0-15.4 sec   800 KBytes   425 Kbits/sec

C:\>

从上面可以看到本机传输到服务器的最大速度为425 Kbits/sec，我本机使用的ADSL宽带，所以速度慢一点。